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안전 사회 새 지평열기

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작품 소개

초판발행 2024.07.25

 

 

머리말

 

“All for One, One for All”이란 구호는 알렉상드르 뒤마의 소설 삼총사에 나옵니다. 이 구호를 먼저 제시한 이유는 우리 사회 구성원 모두(All)가 안전에 몰입(One)하고, 안전을 위한 몰입(One)은 사회 전체(All)를 위한다는 의미를 담고자 함입니다.

우리 사회에 연이은 재난 참사로 충격을 더해 주고 있습니다. 예상치 못했던 2022년 10월 이태원 군중 밀집 사고에 이어 2023년 7월 집중 호우 피해, 세계 잼버리대회 폭염 무방비, 2024년 6월, 일차전지 제조공장 화재사고 등으로 우리의 실상이 드러나고 있습니다. 저자는 끊이지 않는 재난사고를 예방하기 위해 국가 시책으로 다루고 있음에도 획기적인 전환이 이루어지지 않는 원인이 무엇인지, 원인을 파악한다면 어떻게 하면 좋을지에 대해 숙고해 왔습니다.

저자가 인식하기로는 ‘안전’은 고도의 추상명사이므로 ‘삶’을 정의하기가 어려운 것과 마찬가지로 대응이 쉽지 않다는 것입니다. 안전을 유지하기 위해서는 고도의 추상성을 구체적인 과제로 변환시켜 실천해 나가야 하므로 실체적 구현이 어려운 것입니다. 더욱이 안전은 다양한 요소가 결합되어 있고 모든 일상생활과 연계되어 범위가 넓습니다.

우리 사회가 추구해야 할 가치 중에서도 생명을 지키는 안전보다 더 귀중한 가치가 없다 해도 과언이 아닙니다. 이러한 안전가치를 구현하고자 다각도의 인식 전환 방안을 엮어서 사회에 전하고자 함이 집필 동기입니다.

인식 전환의 효과적인 방안으로서 수평선 이론, 덧셈 뺄셈 법칙, 접근 동기, Safety-II 개념, 시스템사고, 신뢰성 공학 등 다양한 방안을 제시하였습니다. 이는 안전에 대한 패러다임의 전환으로서 지금까지의 대응 방식과는 다른 시각으로 접근해야 한다는 것을 말합니다. 이를 위한 이론적 토대로서 조직행동론, 심리학, 인문학, 코칭학, 문화학, 예술론, 협상론, 법철학 등을 소개하고 있으며, 궁극적으로 본서는 인문학 서적이라 할 수 있습니다.

저자는 기업에서 안전담당 임원을 역임하고, 대학에서 위험관리론을 강의하면서 교재를 편찬하였으며, 미국 국제경영대학원에서 학습한 이론을 기초로 삼았습니다. 당시 우리 사회에 대형 재난사고가 연이어 발생하여 학생들에게 안전의 중요성을 각인시키고 기업, 경제 단체, 학회 등에 강의하면서 인식 전환의 중요성을 역설하였습니다.

재난사고는 매뉴얼이 아니라 예외적인 상황들이 겹칠 때 일어납니다. 우리나라가 경제성장과 더불어 기후변화로 인한 복합재난이 연이어 발생하고 있지만 미리 준비하고 대응하면 피해를 막거나 최소화할 수 있습니다. 그동안 국가적으로 막대한 투자와 규제 강화, 제도개선, 경각심 고취 등 온갖 대책을 동원하고 있습니다만, 정부 시책과 더불어 모든 국민이 안전을 자신의 일이라고 여기는 인식 전환이 있어야 안전 사회를 구현할 수 있다고 믿습니다.

2020년 산업안전보건법 전면 개정, 2024년 중대재해처벌법 적용 전면 확대는 특단의 강행 수단을 동원해서라도 안전한 사회를 구현하고자 함입니다. 안전문화 선진국들은 톱 클라스의 안전을 추구하면서 자국의 안전뿐 아니라 국제사회에 기여하는 방안도 모색하고 있습니다. 우리나라도 세계 경제 대국의 대열에 동참하기 위해서는 이에 걸맞은 K-안전문화(K-Safety Culture)를 정착시키고 전파시켜 나가야 하겠습니다.

이 책이 나오기까지 지도편달해 주신 분들께 감사드립니다. 한국ESG학회 고문현 회장님, 한국코치협회 김영헌 회장님, 한국재난정보학회 김태환 회장님, 스마트건설교육원 박영태 이사장님, 고려대 김인현 교수님, 선진경영연구회 이철 회장님, 안전문화코칭사업지원단 배용관 단장님, 오토런 이명재 부회장님과 최기철 대표님, SF글로텍 우일영 대표님, 이엘씨 김성식 대표님, 유니스트 김경원 교수님, 동아대 서순근 교수님께 감사드립니다. 아울러 고견을 주신 숭실대 박교식 교수님과 정종수 교수님, 서울한강로타리클럽 이영석 총재님과 가유회 정상설 교수님, 황정순 회장님과 회원 여러분들께 감사드립니다.

그리고 총리실, 행정안전부, 고용노동부, 국토교통부, 산업통상부, 기획재정부를 위시한 여러 정부 기관과 지방자치단체, 재난 및 안전 전문기관, 학계 및 협회 등 전문단체, 학술전문지 등 사회 각계각층에서 안전을 위해 진력하시는 모든 분들께 충심으로 존경심을 표합니다.

끝으로 세밀하게 교정을 봐준 입사동기 이상탁 님과 출판에 대한 아이디어를 아끼지 않으신 박영사 장규식 팀장님, 정연환 과장님 그리고 예술작품 만들 듯이 완벽하게 편집을 맡아주신 전채린 차장님의 노고에 대해 깊이 감사드립니다.

목차

CHAPTER 01 안전문화 배경 및 이해
01 문화에 대한 이해 ································································································· 4
02 안전문화란 무엇인가 ·························································································· 11

CHAPTER 02 글로벌 안전 선진국 발전과정
01 주요 선진국 산재 평가 및 대응 ······································································ 22
02 영국 ····················································································································· 24
03 미국 ····················································································································· 33
04 일본 ···················································································································· 43
05 싱가포르 ············································································································· 49

CHAPTER 03 우리나라 안전문화 성찰과 극복방안
01 기존 안전관리에 대한 성찰 ·············································································· 64
02 안전의식의 현주소와 대응 ··············································································· 70
03 안전문화 성숙도와 우리 사회의 위치 ···························································· 74
04 우리나라 안전문화 문제점 극복방안 ······························································ 78
05 위험 및 안전개념 재정립 – 안전보건관리체계 구축 ······································ 84

CHAPTER 04 중대재해처벌법 대응
01 중대재해처벌법 도입 배경 ················································································ 94
02 T사 하청근로자 사망사고 분석 ······································································ 95
03 T사 및 중대재해처벌법 시행에 따른 시사점 ················································ 97
04 중대재해처벌법 확대 대응방안 ····································································· 100

CHAPTER 05 환경 변화에 대응하는 안전
01 ESG 경영과 안전 ···························································································· 112
02 복합재난과 시스템 사고 ················································································· 120
03 Safety I, II 개념 ··························································································· 136
04 패러다임으로서의 메커니즘과 안전 ······························································ 147
05 신뢰성 공학(Reliability Engineering)과 안전 ···································· 150
06 재난업무 연속성과 안전 ················································································· 158
07 변경관리(Management of change)와 안전 ······································· 164
08 표준화와 안전 ·································································································· 173
09 정상 사고(Normal Accidents)와 안전 ··················································· 179

CHAPTER 06 4차 산업혁명과 안전
01 디지털과 안전 ··································································································· 192
02 인공지능과 안전 ····························································································· 202
03 초경량 비행장치 조종자 안전 ········································································ 217
04 스마트팩토리와 안전 ······················································································· 219

CHAPTER 07 인문학적 관점과 안전
01 코칭과 안전 ······································································································ 224
02 심리학과 안전 ································································································· 233
03 휴먼스킬과 안전 ······························································································ 272
04 인성교육과 안전 ······························································································ 277
05 조직행동론과 안전(자율성) ············································································ 281
06 디테일과 안전 ································································································· 295
07 신뢰 사회와 안전 ···························································································· 299
08 협상과 안전 ····································································································· 304
09 문화예술과 안전 ····························································································· 309

CHAPTER 08 안전 인식 전환 방안
01 법 제도 및 법 철학 ························································································· 318
02 마음을 움직여 행동으로 옮기는 용어 ·························································· 325
03 알기 쉬운 용어와 표현으로 전환(쉽고, 명확하고, 간단하게) ··················· 327
04 위험불감증과 도박, 흡연, 음주운전, 보이스피싱, 어선전복 관계 ············ 329
05 수학 4칙을 통한 인식 전환 ·········································································· 334
06 뺄셈, 덧셈 법칙 응용 ····················································································· 337
07 수평선 이론과 안전 ························································································ 338
08 지식의 평준화와 지혜의 차별화 ··································································· 340
09 세대 간 차이 이해와 극복 ············································································ 343
10 외국인 근로자 차별 해소 ··············································································· 348
11 안전은 국력 강화 요소 ···················································································· 351
12 지렛대경영과 안전 ··························································································· 353
13 등로주의경영과 안전 ······················································································· 355
14 다름경영과 안전 ······························································································ 357

CHAPTER 09 사회구조 혁신과 안전
01 금융 및 자본시장과 안전 ··············································································· 364
02 미호강 사례로 본 관계기관 협력 및 전문성 강화 ····································· 368
03 정자교 사례로 본 건설산업 및 시설안전 개선 방안 ································· 373
04 이태원 군중 밀집 상황 대응방안 ································································· 385
05 교량 붕괴 사고 대응 비교(미국과 한국) ····················································· 395

CHAPTER 10 안전모델 정착 모습
01 안전모델 여섯 단계(HJK STOMAI 모델) ················································ 402
02 위기관리 전략 ································································································· 406
03 위험성 평가의 생활화 ····················································································· 412
04 안전문화 정착 모습 ······················································································· 424
05 획기적 인식 전환 사건 ·················································································· 435
06 유형별 모범 안전 사례 ·················································································· 438

CHAPTER 11 정책 제안
01 정부의 지원 정책 확대와 기업의 자구노력 강화 ······································ 452
02 사용자 단계에서의 안전 강화 ······································································· 454
03 숙련기술인(Skilled Technician) 우대 ···················································· 457
04 재난 구조기관의 협력체제 강화 ··································································· 459
05 안전 모범 기업인, 공직자 발굴 및 포상 ······················································ 461
06 도급관리에 대한 기준의 명확화 ··································································· 464
07 산업보건 분야 관심 제고 ·············································································· 466
08 사업장 특성에 적합한 안전정책 ································································· 468
09 안전기술 R&D에 대한 국가 차원의 선도 및 지원 ··································· 470
10 국제사회 공헌 및 단계적 확산 ······································································ 471

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  • 김형준

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    • 학력 인도 University of Delhi 철학 박사
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